Septembre 2024
Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) du groupe de la Banque Mondiale (125 pages).

Despite its intrinsic relevance and policy makers’ efforts to address the infrastructure gap, progress has been limited. A confluence of challenges from macroeconomic shocks and political instability to weak institutional capacity has hindered the capacity of countries to develop infrastructure that meets demand. Increasing efficiencies in delivering infrastructure services is at the core of addressing the gap. Numerous countries have turned to private sector participation in infrastructure development to achieve these efficiencies and catalyze private capital investments. Although there are different modalities to procure infrastructure, public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been extensively used by many countries to deliver successful programs. This report examines one of the key elements of an overall sound PPP ecosystem, the crucial role that the quality of PPP regulatory frameworks plays in fostering a conducive ecosystem for successful PPP programs while acknowledging that it is just one of several critical factors. This report incorporates new empirical analysis from primary data collected through Benchmarking Infrastructure Development 2023 (BID 2023). It also uses country case studies to illustrate and draw lessons from how countries have created robust PPP ecosystems and strengthened PPP regulatory frameworks over time. This report is aligned with the Knowledge Compact Agenda’s focus on evidence-based decision-making by providing evidence-based knowledge that can inform development strategies and PPP operations. Additionally, it focuses on fostering the PPP ecosystem that is conducive to private sector investment, thereby contributing to the Private Capital Enabling (PCE) objectives that will ultimately support Private Capital Mobilization (PCM), two critical corporate objectives of the World Bank Group to help to close the infrastructure gap.

Septembre 2024
InfraPPP & WAPPP (18 pages).

The number of PPP deals decreased by a negligible 4 units in the second quarter of 2024, despite more volatility on the economic front.
Firstly, developed countries saw a revamp of inflation, which led to a delayed start in the US Federal Reserve cutting cycle. Namely, the repricing of the FED policy stance and the appreciation of the dollar led many emerging markets to reconsider a more prudent approach to their monetary policy in an attempt to prevent currency devaluation occurrences. Support to inflation targeting was overall preferred to support to growth: with rates “higher for (slightly) longer”, investment plans clearly suffered.
Secondly, politics remains a global driver for volatility: a dense election calendar in key countries (India, Iran, Mexico and South Africa among others) lead to uncertainty on government transitions and fiscal policies. The heated political climax will continue in Q3 with the start of the US election campaign and snap elections in key countries like France and UK, potentially affecting the government’s investment plans and taxation structure thus further delaying the involvement of large constructors in offshore projects.
Thirdly, investors’ risk aversion was further tested by a spike in geopolitical tensions, with the intensification of the Gaza-Israel conflict which ultimately is taking a toll on maritime transport activity deviated from the Suez-Canal into longer cross-African routes. The impact affects PPP deals as projects based in the Red Sea area are now subject to higher geopolitical risk in case of conflict enlargement and governments benefit from slimmer receipts linked to cargo tariffs and harbor presence (first but not only Egypt).

Août 2024
Banque Mondiale (60 pages).

Past investments in electricity, Internet, and road infrastructure, in isolation and bundled, have contributed to structural transformation and economic development in Africa. Using new data on the expansion of the road, electricity, and Internet networks over the past two decades, the paper shows that having access to both paved roads and electricity has led to a significant reallocation of labor from agricultural to both manufacturing and services. Adding access to fast Internet has had a major impact on structural change, with an even larger impact on reallocating labor away from agriculture. The paper then uses a spatial general-equilibrium model to quantify the impacts of future regional transport investments, bundled with electricity and Internet investments, on economic development in countries in the Horn of Africa and Lake Chad region.

Juillet 2024
Banque Mondiale (71 pages).

The objective of this study was to analyze the reasons for delays in procurement and contract execution of infrastructure projects. It analyzes available data from three different sources: Tender data for 656 works contracts extracted from the World Bank Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement (STEP), covering the period 2013-2022. This sample was used to analyze the incidence and extent of delays in the procurement of World Bank infrastructure projects; A sample of 312 works contracts for infrastructure projects financed by the World Bank and the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB), covering the period 2007-2019. This sample was used to analyze the reasons for delays in the procurement and delivery of World Bank and IsDB infrastructure projects at the contract level; CoST assurance reports from 2016 to 2020 covering 480 infrastructure projects across 12 member countries of CoST. This sample was used to analyze the reasons of delays for the reviewed infrastructure projects.

Juillet 2024
Deloitte (52 pages).

GPoC 2023 examines the main financial indicators of the industry’s major players and provides insights to help companies understand and assess the related challenges and opportunities. It also explores certain industry trends that have been shaping the construction sector over the past few years or are expected to have a major impact in the future.
In 2023 the aggregate US$ sales of the Top 100 GPoC rose by 3.4%, while market capitalization increased by 18.3%.
In 2023, revenue obtained by our Top 30 GPoC from international sales rose to 18.4% of total sales from 17.1% the previous year, still under the 19% pre-pandemic ratio achieved in 2019. None of our Top 30 GPoC reported construction losses in 2023 or 2022.
Perspectives for the long term remain positive as the industry is expected to grow from US$ 10.4 trillion in 2023 to US$ 16.1 trillion by 2030, with a CAGR of approximately 5.9% during the period. Global trends such as rapid urbanization and decarbonization of the economy represent a huge opportunity for construction companies to go overseas but also to add new activities to their portfolio in addition to the traditional construction business.

Juillet 2024
Banque Interaméricaine de Développement (99 pages).

El propósito del presente documento consiste en ofrecer recomendaciones prácticas para la consideración de los diferentes componentes que garanticen un desarrollo inclusivo de las Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) en infraestructura económica y social.

Juillet 2024
Banque Mondiale (97 pages).

Project development funds (PDFs) are dedicated vehicles that governments establish to systematically support the preparation of public-private partnerships (PPPs). The lack of adequate and consolidated resources to appropriately evaluate and prepare potential PPP projects is a key constraint faced by many PPP programs, and inhibits the ability of PPP projects to raise private investment. PDFs are generally established to address this challenge, by providing dedicated and centralized funding for PPP project preparation that is not subject to the constraints of typical government budgeting processes. Moreover, they often go beyond the provision of funding to address a range of challenges that can undermine the provision of high-quality and efficient PPP project preparation. By driving a cultural shift to encourage a greater consideration of PPPs, PDFs also serve as tools that can support overall government policy for, and signal political commitment to, the use of PPPs.
PDFs have contributed to the successful implementation of PPP projects, which can serve to support the increased private investment that will be critical if the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are to be achieved. PDFs have directed significant funding to the preparation of PPP projects and contributed strongly to PPP projects reaching financial close and implementation. They have also supported the building of critical PPP capacity within governments and driven private sector confidence in PPP programs. These impacts help to increase private investment in infrastructure, a critical source of finance to support the achievement of the US$2 trillion to US$3 trillion of investment per year estimated to be necessary to achieve the SDGs. Although PDFs are not a panacea — they must be supported by a conducive PPP enabling environment and are often accompanied by other reforms — they can support the transmission of infrastructure development good practices. However, PDFs require deliberate design and management to be successful, and a wide range of issues — from legal status and governance to sustainability — need to be considered prior to their implementation.
This primer on project development funds (hereafter, “Primer”) seeks to capture and distill lessons for public sector and other PPP practitioners related to how and why PDFs are established, and how best toenable them to contribute to the success of PPP programs. Through its review of PDF and other relevant experience, this Primer seeks to identify lessons learned and success factors that influence the design and operationalization of PDFs. It aims to paint a clear picture of how and why PDFs can support the development of PPP programs to assist policy makers in understanding whether a PDF can help to address their particular PPP program challenges. Where practitioners are developing a PDF, this Primer provides detailed information on PDF design features to assist them in establishing a PDF that will deliver on its objectives.

Juin 2024
Institute for Transportation & Development Policy - ITDP - (41 pages).

Recent years have emphasized the inadequacy of many cities’ transportation paradigms. The status quo of car-oriented development has been worsening inequality, access, and environmental conditions, as well as increasing road crashes, fatalities, and injuries. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate emergency. Such crises,
however, have made the importance of public transport clearer than ever. From ensuring equity and shared economic prosperity to building resilience and lowering carbon emissions, good public transport can radically transform our cities and our future for the better.
In response to these crises, we needed to consider and articulate what the future of public transport should look like and how we can shape it. Over the past year, we have been doing just that. Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) and the Volvo Research and Educational Foundations (VREF) convened a Mobilize Learning Lab that gathered transport researchers and practitioners from around the world to discuss the future of public transport, around themes of equity, resilience, and financial sustainability.

Avril 2024
This report was prepared by a group of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and Development Finance Institutions composed of the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Corporación Andina de Fomento, the European Development Finance Institutions, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the Islamic Development Bank, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency and the World Bank (64 pages).

In 2022, total private mobilization for infrastructure (including power, water, transportation, telecommunications, information technology, and social infrastructure such as schools and hospitals) in LICs and MICs was $33.5 billion, or 47 percent of all MIC/LIC private mobilization. This total infrastructure mobilization was an 84 percent increase compared to 2021, when $18.2 billion was mobilized. PDM for infrastructure amounted to $7.6 billion or 23 percent of MIC/LIC mobilization for infrastructure in 2022. In 2021 PDM of $7.7 billion was slightly higher than in 2022, and was a significantly higher portion of the total at 42 percent. Note that a “pandemic backlog” of larger projects with longer phases likely drove both the large increase in infrastructure finance from 2021 to 2022 and the smaller share of PDM; larger and longer projects on average have more PIM as future financing needs are harder to predict.

Avril 2024
World Economic Forum (34 pages).

As cities grow in population and importance, urban construction will continue to gather pace. It is estimated that global floor area is expected to double by 2060, the equivalent of adding New York City every month for the next 40 years. This white paper highlights case studies and nine innovative solutions that provide models for cities seeking to meet sustainable development goals.

Avril 2024
Banque Européenne d'Investissement, European PPP Expertise Centre - EPEC- (20 pages).

38 public-private partnership transactions reached financial close for an aggregate value of €13.6 billion in 2023. In value terms, the market increased by 35% compared to 2022. In number terms, the market decreased by 17% compared to 2022.
The most active market was Germany, by value and number of projects. 13 countries closed at least one public-private partnership project, compared to 15 in 2022.
Transport was the largest sector both in value and number terms.
Over 53% of the transactions closed were government-pay public-private partnerships.

Février 2024
Global Infrastructure Hub (110 pages).

This report includes two supplemental sections published in February 2024 (Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in infrastructure; Blended finance in infrastructure), following the publication of the original three sections of the Infrastructure Monitor 2023 report.

In 2022, after eight years of stagnation, private investment in infrastructure experienced a significant resurgence. Primary markets saw a substantial increase in transactions and overall value, marking a 29% rise in transactions and a 41% increase in value compared to the five-year average (2017–2021).
This significant increase was the result of a post-COVID-19 recovery back to 2015–2019 levels (as a % of GDP), stronger growth in energy transmission and digital infrastructure, and a set of large airport transactions that pushed the level above their pre-pandemic averages. Renewables, especially solar energy, remained strong, with a clear shift toward cleaner energy across income groups. The secondary market also performed strongly due to growth in acquisitions. However, a single year of data is insufficient evidence to indicate a lasting shift in the trend.
It should be noted that – compared with previous years’ reports – the analyses draw on a bespoke new dataset developed in partnership with Realfin which has a more comprehensive coverage of transactions, particularly in developing markets. This new dataset almost doubles the value and number of transactions from previous GI Hub Infrastructure Monitor reports. Other datasets accessible to the GI Hub also show strong – albeit lower – growth.